final project ESP

ENGLISH SPESIFIC PURPOSE

Final Project Analysis Syllabus

Taught by Indah Muzdalifah M.Pd

BY:

SITI BAROQAH (1488203055)

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND TEACHERS TRAINING

UNIVERSITY OF LANCANG KUNING

PREFACE

First at all, give thanks for God’s love and my parent.

Thanks to God for helping me and give me chance to finish this assignment timely. And I would like to say thank you to Miss Indah MuzdalifahM.pd as the lecturer that always teaches us and give much knowledge about how to practice English well.

The writer also wish to express his deep and sincere gratitude for those who have guided in completing this paper. This English paper contains some example of English III.

Hopefully we as a student in “ENGLISH III” can work more professional by using English as the second language whatever we done. Thank you.

                                                                                                                        Writer

                                                                                                                        SitiBaroqah

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.    BACKGROUND

English for Specific Purpose is as most developmments in human activity. English for Specific Purpose is not a plan and coherent movement, but rather a phenomenon that grow out of a number of aconverging trends because English had become international language, which all aspect it. English for Specific Purposes aims at acquainting leaners with the kind of language needed in a particular domain, vocation, or accupation.

English for Specific Purpose ( ESP ) is a learner-centeredapporoach to teaching English as an additional language, which focuses on developing communicative competence in a specific discipline such as academics, accounting, business, IT, teaching, and engineering.

                                                        

CHAPTER II

ANALYSIS

So in my opinion in this Sylabus discusses how to work in the hospital, starting with the early stages to the way your doctor or nurse treating patients and how early way menganalysis disease, blood, and how diet and nutrition for good health. in this Sylabus also menganalysis about breastfasting and benefit from it. what tools to take the patient was taking and recording patient observation. many of which will be described in the syllabus is detailed and specific. and I think this Sylabus according to faculty.

ENGLISH III This course discusses the matter of rules that raw ability to communicate orally in English, especially with regard to communication of the nurse-client daily in the setting of health services in hospitals, and to be able to listen to both English conversation, directly or indirectly.

CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION

In my opinion from english 3 of healthy can learn how working in a general hospital of part first transferring Patients as well as welcoming a patient on admission, equipment to take patient observation taking and recording patient, how to analyze blood, explains diet and nutrition etc by way of medication along with the types and forms of medication.

SIMILE

SIMILE

A simile (/ˈsɪməli/) is a figure of speech that directly compares two things.Although similes and metaphors are similar, similes explicitly use connecting words (such as as, so, than, or various verbs such as resemble),though these specific words are not always necessary. While similes are mainly used in forms of poetry that compare the inanimate and the living, there are also terms in which similes and personifications are used for humorous purposes and comparison.

REFERENCE:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simile

IDIOM AND SYMBOL

IDIOM

An idiom (Latin: idioma, "special property", from Greek: ἰδίωμα – idíōma, "special feature, special phrasing, a peculiarity", f. Greek: ἴδιος – ídios, "one’s own") is a phrase or a fixed expression that has a figurative, or sometimes literal, meaning. An idiom's figurative meaning is different from the literal meaning.There are thousands of idioms, and they occur frequently in all languages. It is estimated that there are at least twenty-five thousand idiomatic expressions in the English language. Idioms fall into the category of formulaic language.

 Example

The following sentences contain idioms. The fixed words constituting the idiom in each case are bolded :

1. She is pulling my leg. - to pull someone's leg means to tease them by telling them something untrue.

2. When will you drop them a line? - to drop someone a line means to send a note to or call someone.

3. You should keep an eye out for that. - to keep an eye out for something means to maintain awareness of it so that you notice it as it occurs.

4. I can't keep my head above water. - to keep one's head above water means to manage a situation.

5. It's raining cats and dogs. - to rain cats and dogs means to rain very heavily (a downpour).

6. Oh no! You spilled the beans!/ you let the cat out the bag - to spill the beans means to let out a secret.

7. Why are you feeling blue? - to feel blue means to feel sad.

8. That jacket costs an arm and a leg. – an arm and a leg means a large amount of money.

9. It is not rocket science. – not rocket science means something is not difficult.

10. Put a cork in it. - put a cork in it is an another way to say, "shut up!" (another idiom), be quiet, and stop talking.

11. I'm screwed . - to be screwed means that one is doomed, is in big trouble, or has really messed up.

Each of the word combinations in bold has at least two meanings: a literal meaning and a figurative meaning. Such expressions that are typical for a language can appear as words, combinations of words, phrases, entire clauses, and entire sentences.

l. The devil is in the details.

m. The early bird gets the worm.

n. Break a leg.

o. Waste not, want not.

p. Go take a chill pill.

q. I have butterflies in my stomach.

Expressions such as these have figurative meaning. When one says "The devil is in the details", one is not expressing a belief in demons, but rather one means that things may look good on the surface, but upon scrutiny, undesirable aspects are revealed. Similarly, when one says "The early bird gets the worm", one is not suggesting that there is only one worm, rather one means there are plenty of worms, but for the sake of the idiom one plays along, and imagines that there is only one worm; alternatively, the figurative translation of this phrase is that the most attentive and astute individual, or perhaps the hardest working (or simply the first one) gets the desired outcome to a situation or the better product, depending on the context. On the other hand, "Waste not, want not" is completely devoid of a figurative meaning. It counts as an idiom, however, because it has a literal meaning and people keep saying it.

SYMBOL

Something that represents or suggests something else. Symbols often take the form of words, visual images, or gestures that are used to convey ideas and beliefs. All human cultures use symbols to express the underlying structure of their social systems, to represent ideal cultural characteristics, such as beauty,and to ensure that the culture is passed on to new generations. Symbolic relationships are learned rather than biologically or naturally determined, and each culture has its own symbols.

There are several example in symbols:

symbol in Medicine

1. Something that represents something else by association, resemblance, or convention, especially a material object used to represent something invisible.

2. A printed or written sign used to represent an operation, an element, a quantity, or a relation, as in mathematics or chemistry.

Noun

1. Something that represents or stands for something else, usually by convention or association, esp a material object used to represent something abstract

2.  An object, person, idea, etc, used in a literary work, film, etc, to stand for or suggest something else with which it is associated either explicitly or in some more subtle way

3. A letter, figure, or sign used in mathematics, science, music, etc to represent a quantity, phenomenon, operation, function, etc.

References

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/symbol

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiom

Metonymy

Metonymy

Metonymy is a figure of speech(or trope) in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it's closely associated (such as "crown" for "royalty").

Metonymy is also the rhetorical strategy of describing something indirectly by referring to things around it, as in describing someone's clothing to characterize the individual. Adjective: metonymic.

Example 

·         Crown. (For the power of a king.)

·         The White House. (Referring to the American administration.)

·         Dish. (To refer an entire plate of food.)

·         The Pentagon. (For the Department of Defense and the offices of the U.S. Armed Forces.)

·         Pen. (For the written word.)

·         Sword - (For military force.)

·         Hollywood. (For US Cinema.)

·         Hand. (For help.)

Proverb 

is a simple and concrete saying, popularly known and repeated, that expresses a truth based on common sense or experience. They are often metaphorical.  A proverb that describes a basic rule of conduct may also be known as a maxim. Proverbs fall into the category of formulaic language.

Example 

“I am weary, God,
    but I can prevail.

² Surely I am only a brute, not a man;
    I do not have human understanding.

³ I have not learned wisdom,
    nor have I attained to the knowledge of the Holy One.

⁴ Who has gone up to heaven and come down?
    Whose hands have gathered up the wind?
Who has wrapped up the waters in a cloak?
    Who has established all the ends of the earth?

What is his name, and what is the name of his son?
    Surely you know!

⁵ “Every word of God is flawless;
    he is a shield to those who take refuge in him.

⁶ Do not add to his words,
    or he will rebuke you and prove you a liar.

⁷ “Two things I ask of you, Lord;
    do not refuse me before I die:

⁸ Keep falsehood and lies far from me;
    give me neither poverty nor riches,
    but give me only my daily bread.

References 

http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/metonymy.htm

http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/metonymy.htm

http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/writing-metonymy.php

HOMONYMS

Homonyms

     Homonyms are two or more words that have the same sound or spelling but differ in meaning. Adjectives: homonymic and homonymous.

     Generally, the term homonym refers both to homophones (words that are pronounced the same but have different meanings, such as pair and pear) and to homographs (words that are spelled the same but have different meanings, such as "bow your head" and "tied in a bow").

Note that some dictionaries and textbooks define and distinguish these three terms in different ways. Some equate homonyms only with homophones (words that sound the same).

Expect the Unexpected!

     Don't be afraid, but be wary: homonyms lurk all over the English language. It's as if they are there to confuse people. Luckily, the confusion results in a plethora of surprises and funny situations. Most jokes hinge on confusion since people find the unexpected exhilarating and entertaining. If you can get a couple examples of homonyms into your active vocabulary, you'll be the life of the party, and everyone will love to speak with you.

Keep an Eye Out for Worthy Homonyms

     Not all homonyms are created equal, and not every example will render desired results. Indeed, your miles may vary with every homonym pair. Start listening to people and how people's statements can be interpreted differently from how they intended. Also, there are great spots online to find out more about homonyms.

Here are a few examples of homonym pairs provided by Weber State University and Alan Cooper's Homonyms that you will frequently encounter:

• Accept (to receive) and Except (excluding)
• Acts (things done) and Ax (chopping tool)
• Ad (advertisement) and Add (short for addition)
• Affect (to influence) and Effect (result)
• Aid (to assist) and Aide (an assistant)
• Air (stuff we breath) and Heir (one who will inherit)
• Aisle (walkway) and Isle (island)
• Allusion (an indirect reference) and Illusion (a misconception)
• Ant (insect) and Aunt (parent's sister)
• Bald (hairless) and Bawled (cried aloud)
• Band (a group) and Banned (forbidden)
• Capital (city) and Capitol (wealth and resources)
• Climactic (great intensity) and Climatic (weather conditions)
• Days (more than one day) and Daze (to bewilder)
• Die (to become dead) and Dye (coloring agent)
• Elicit (to bring out) and Illicit (unlawful)
• Emigrate from (leave one country) and Immigrate to (enter another country)
• Fair (even-handed) and Fare (payment)
• Fairy (imaginary magic person) and Ferry (river-crossing boat)
• Gilt (gold-plated) and Guilt (did wrong)
• Gorilla (large ape) and Guerrilla (military soldier)
• Knead (working bread dough) and Need (must have)
• Mail (postal delivery) and Male (masculine person)
• Principle (a basic truth) and Principal (head of a school/sum of money)
• Scene (visual location) and Seen (past tense of saw)
• Than (a comparison) and then (shows time)
• There (a place) and Their (belongs to them) and They're (they are)
• To (a preposition) and Too (an adverb) and Two (a number)
• Your (possessive pronoun) and You're (you are)

Although included in the above list from Weber State University, several of these words are not technically homonyms. They are spelled the same and have different meanings; but, they don't sound the same if pronounced correctly:

• Accept and except
• Affect and effect
• Than and then
• Elicit and illicit
• Emigrate and immigrate

Be Brave

Homonyms are pretty easy if you're paying attention. Remain vigilant, and you will quickly earn your black belt and become the envy of everyone you meet.

References:

http://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/homonymterm.htm

http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-homonyms.html

POLYSEMY

Polysemy

Polysemy is the association of one word with two or more distinct meanings. A polyseme is a word or phrase with multiple meanings. Adjective: polysemous or polysemic. usually related by contiguity of meaning within a semantic field. It is thus usually regarded as distinct from homonymy, in which the multiple meanings of a word may be unconnected or unrelated.

A polyseme is a word or phrase with different, but related senses. Since the test for polysemy is the vague concept of relatedness, judgments of polysemy can be difficult to make. Because applying pre-existing words to new situations is a natural process of language change, looking at words' etymology is helpful in determining polysemy but not the only solution; as words become lost in etymology, what once was a useful distinction of meaning may no longer be so.

In vertical polysemy a word refers to a member of a subcategory (e.g., 'dog' for 'male dog'). A closely related idea is metonym, in which a word with one original meaning is used to refer to something else connected to it.

Examples

Man

1.The human species (i.e., man vs. animal)

2.Males of the human species (i.e., man vs. woman)

3.Adult males of the human species (i.e., man vs. boy)

Mole

a small burrowing mammal

Bank

the building where a financial institution offers services

Book

a bound collection of pages

Newspaper

the newspaper as an edited work in a specific format (e.g. "They changed the layout of the newspaper's front page").

The different meanings can be combined in a single sentence, e.g. "John used to work for the newspaper that you are reading."

Milk

The verb milk (e.g. "he's milking it for all he can get") derives from the process of obtaining milk.

Wood

a piece of a tree

Crane

a bird

 

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysemy

http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/polysemyterm.htm